Cell and tissue lysates are the types of samples commonly used in biological research. They are mixtures obtained by physically or chemically destroying cell membranes and intracellular structures and releasing cell contents. The pyrolysis methods can be divided into chemical pyrolysis, enzyme pyrolysis and physical pyrolysis. Chemical cracking and enzyme cracking are milder methods and rarely cause DNA breakage, while physical cracking, although high yield, is a more violent reaction and may cause DNA breakage. When choosing a cleavage method, it is necessary to consider the stability and activity of the target molecule, as well as the possible effects on other components within the cell during the cleavage process. For example, chemical cracking may result in the introduction of certain chemicals, while physical cracking may result in DNA breakage caused by shear forces.